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The following areas of study often use Chicago or Turabian citation style: history, humanities, religion, peace, justice & conflict studies, and social and natural sciences.
The final authority for these styles are the books listed below. The final authority for the bibliographic form used in your paper is your professor.
A Pocket Style Manual by As of their 16th and 8th editions, Chicago and Turabian style guides have merged, so both include the same rules for citations and bibliographies. You might still see people require the use of Turabian style, but know that Chicago style will now do the trick.
Thanks to Amber Pavlina of University of Saint Francis for allowing the reuse of her Chicago Citation guide.
Journal Article:
Format: Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume #, issue # (year): page #s.
Example: Perry, Heather B. “Information Literacy in the Sciences: Faculty Perception of Undergraduate Student Skill.” College & Research Libraries 78, no. 7 (2017): 964-977.
Book:
Format: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. edition. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Example: Francis, Mary. The Fun of Motivation: Crossing the Threshold Concepts. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017.
Example: JAMA Network. AMA Manual of Style. 11th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
Catechism of the Catholic Church:
Format: Title. Edition. Publisher, year.
Example: Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd ed. (United States: United States Catholic Conference, Inc.--Libreria Editrice Caticana, 2000).
Edited Book (each chapter has a different author):
Format: Last Name, First Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, editors, page #s of chapter. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Example: Hinchliffe, Lisa J., and Beth Hoag. "Learning, Leading, and Information Literacy." In Learning Beyond the Classroom, edited by Silvia Vong and Manda Vrkljan, 3-10. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020.
Book Chapter (4-10 authors):
Format: Last Name, Frist Name, Second Name, Third Name, and Fourth Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by First Name Last Name, #-#. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Example: Arnold, Amber, Barbara Dohrmann, Ruth Cross, and Marion Dohr. "How Librarians Can Save Us All." In Books, Coffee, and Dogs, edited by Audra Reinders, 85-110. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020.
Multivolume Book:
Format: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Volume #, Title of Series. City of Publication: Publisher, year.
Example: Harrington, Wilfrid J. Revelation. Vol. 16, Sacra Pagina. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1993.
Website:
Format: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Web Page.” Publishing Organization. Copyright date. URL .
Example: Reinders, Audra. "Fair Isle Knitting Basics." Knitting World. Knitting World, 4 October 2021. https://www.knittingworld.com/fairislebasics
Website (Corporate Author):
Format: Corporate Author. "Title of Web Page." Copyright date. URL.
Example: Association of European Knitters. "Knitting to Relieve Stress." 3 December 2019. http://www.aoek.org/knittingtorelievestress
Lecture Notes:
Format: Giltner, T. Alexander. “Title of Lecture.” Class Lecture, University of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne, IN, Month Day, Year.
Bible:
The Bible is referenced in footnotes but not in the bibliography at the end of your paper.
Journal Article:
Format: 1. First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume #, issue # (year): page #.
Example: 1. Heather Brodie Perry, “Information Literacy in the Sciences: Faculty Perception of Undergraduate Student Skill,” College & Research Libraries 78, no. 7 (2017): 973.
Book:
Format: 1. First Name Last Name, Title of Book (City of Publication: Publisher, year), page #.
Example: 1. Mary Francis, The Fun of Motivation: Crossing the Threshold Concepts (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017), 24.
Catechism of the Catholic Church:
Format: 1. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd ed. (United States: United States Catholic Conference, Inc. – Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000), page #.
Second Time Mentioned: 1. CCC paragraph #.
Edited Book (each chapter has a different author):
Format: 1. First Name and Second Name "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, editors (City of Publication: Publisher, year), page #.
Example: 1. Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe and Beth Hoag, "Learning, Leading, and Information Literacy," in Learning Beyond the Classroom, eds. Silvia Vong and Manda Vrkljan (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020), 5.
Book Chapter (4-10 authors):
Format: 1. First name et al., "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, editors (City of Publication: Publisher, year), page #.
Example: 1. Amber Arnold et al., "How Librarians Can Save Us All," in Books, Coffee, and Dogs, ed. Audra Reinders (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020), 87.
Multivolume Book:
Format: 1. First Name Last Name, Title of Book, volume #, Title of Series (City of Publication: Publisher, year), page #.
Example: 1. Wilfrid J. Harrington, Revelation, vol. 16, Sacra Pagina (Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1993), 5.
Website:
Format: 1. First Name Last Name, “Title of Web Page,” Publishing Organization. Copyright date, URL.
Example: 1. Audra Reinders, "Fair Isle Knitting Basics," Knitting World 4 October 2020, https://www.knittingworld.com/fairislebasics
Website (Corporate Author):
Format: Corporate Author, "Title of Web Page," Copyright date, URL.
Example: Association of European Knitters, "Knitting to Relieve Stress," 3 December 2019, http://www.aoek.org/knittingtorelievestress.
Lecture Notes:
Format: T. Alexander Giltner, “Title of Lecture” (Class Lecture, University of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne, IN, Month Day, Year).
Bible:
1. 1 Thess. 2:13 (New American Bible).
2. John 3:16 (NAB).
These basic principles for citing archival sources came from a guide written by Patrick Rael, Professor of History, Bowdoin College
You can access the full PDF below or the online version here.
Citing archival sources can be tricky and include a range of configurations depending on whether what the item is and how it is accessible. However the basic principle is making it as easy as possible for readers to find the sources you used so they can investigate them. You need to be as consistent, accurate, and complete as possible.
The basic citation format for material from archives consists of three parts.
William H. Parham to Jacob C. White, Jr., October 6, 1862
Gardiner Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Box 6G, folder 17a.
Quoted from Rael, 82.
Below is a suggested style for citing a twitter feed:
2. Garrett Kiely, Twitter, September 14, 2011, 8:50 a.m., http://twitter.com/gkiely.
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Student's Last Name 1
Title of Paper Student's Name Class Name Professor's Name Date Turned In |
Oxford Comma: Always include a comma before the and when you are listing 3+ items.
Example: I need to write my theology paper, do the dishes, and finish my laundry.
Semicolons: Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses. You can either use a stand-alone semicolon or a semicolon + conjunctive adverb+ a comma.
Example: I need to wash the car; I also need to do the grocery shopping.
Example: I need to wash the car; furthermore, I also need to do the grocery shopping.
Numerals: Write out numbers under 1,000. Never start a sentence with a numeral.
Example: There were fifty-seven students who showed up for the movie night.
Quotations: Use a double quotation for direct quotes. Use a single quotation for a quote that appears within another quote.
Example: According to Daniel Arnold, "each team member should 'notify the moderator' upon arrival."
Footnotes: To insert a footnote in Microsoft Word, go to References and then Insert Footnote.
Footnotes should appear after the end-of-sentence punctuation.
